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The influence of menus in catering establishments on a sustainable development of tourism
Lochman, Josef ; Vágner, Jiří (advisor) ; Jehlička, Petr (referee) ; Matlovičová, Kvetoslava (referee)
Food accompanies a tourist's stay in a destination from the very beginning to the very end and significantly influences the overall travel experience. However, gastronomic experiences also have a significant impact on the environment, as food has to be produced, transported, and processed. This thesis addresses the environmental issue of tourists' diet in detail. The main purpose is to comprehensively approach the problem from several perspectives. Specifically, the thesis has four objectives: 1) to quantify the amount of food consumed globally in tourism and its environmental requirements; 2) to identify the potential drivers behind excessive negative pressure on the environment; 3) to evaluate the level of environmental sustainability of selected European urban destinations and 4) to consider possible opportunities for the sustainable development of a destination in relation to its gastronomic offer. In terms of theoretical framework, the thesis uses the concept of time geography and the theory of planned behaviour to demonstrate the importance of the role of catering facilities in the environmental sustainability of a destination. The reason for this is primarily the limited movement of tourists and their access to catering facilities. Another key element is the structure of local offer (menus),...
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Assessment of natural and recycled materials in buildings
Stránská, Zuzana ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Lupíšek,, Antonín (referee) ; Sedlák, Jiří (advisor)
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analytic method for evaluation of environmental impacts of products, services and technologies. It is associated with all the stages of a product's life. The environmental impacts are evaluated on the basis of material and energetic flows, which are in influence with the environment. These impacts are always determined in the relation with the function of the product or the service and so it is possible to compare them with the other alternatives. One of the most important reasons why I have chosen this dissertation thesis subject was the growing public interest in impacts of the building constructions on the environment and human organism. Only a few experts and scientific research centres deal with the problem of environmental impacts of the buildings in the Czech Republic so the main goal of this thesis is to help with a spreading a knowledge about it. There are four main problems to solve in the thesis: determination of environmental impacts of selected materials which are missing in available databases, creation of life cycle models of evaluated buildings, determining the most appropriate functional unit and determining the contents of the recommended LCA protocol for building analysis. In the first phase of the thesis there was built a detailed life cycle model of the reference building on the basis of available documents and databases. This "cradle to cradle" LCA model was then optimized for a large number of life cycle scenarios to determine the significance of the impact of individual variables on the overall environmental impact of the building. The knowledge gained from this analysis was applied to the lifecycle models of other buildings and then there was assembled the recommended form of the LCA protocol. In the final stage, the results of the environmental impacts were quantified on the different functional units which were used for determining the appropriate form.
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Environmental Assessment of Residential Building Renovations
Struhala, Karel ; Ostrý, Milan (referee) ; Lupíšek,, Antonín (referee) ; Košíčková, Ivana (advisor)
One of the methods utilized for quantification of environmental impacts of human activities is Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). This dissertation applies the method on renovations of residential buildings in the Czech Republic. The reason is high potential for environmental savings in existing building stock and lack of such works in the Czech conditions. Therefore the dissertation deals with LCA of building renovations to increase the knowledge in this field. Moreover it also questions and evaluates accuracy of building LCA in general to increase understanding of differences and inaccuracies that are often admitted, but seldom analysed in literature. The dissertation includes five LCAs of two case studies: a block-of-flats in Brno and a terraced house in a nearby village. First case study includes LCAs of the original state and renovation of the block-of-flats. The second case study describes LCAs of the original state, partial reconstruction or demolition and new construction of the terraced house. The LCAs are performed in two software tools: Eco-Bat 4.0 and GaBi 4. Detailed models of the evaluated buildings are based on available designs. Environmental impacts are calculated in four impact categories predefined in Eco-Bat 4.0 to enable comparison of results: Ecological Scarcity, Cumulative Energy Demand (or Primary Energy in GaBi 4), Non-Renewable Energy and Global Warming Potential. The accuracy of the performed LCAs is tested in up to 324 different scenario combinations considering variable service life of building materials, construction waste quantities, waste management and transport distances. Generally, the results confirm environmental efficiency of building renovations. The renovation of block-of-flats results in 17.39% average reduction of total environmental impacts. Demolition and new construction of the terraced house result in 76.83% average savings. However, the variation of results is rather high due to tested scenario combinations: up to 56.06%.
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Volumetric Method for the Determining kg CO2 eq. and Energy Requirements for the Production of Power Tools at an Early Stage of Product Design
Sovják, Richard ; Sobotová,, Lydia (referee) ; Grall, Günter (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
Emise kg CO2 eq. vznikají v různých fázích životního cyklu výrobku a mají významný vliv na globální oteplování. K posouzení těchto negativních vlivů slouží metoda Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), která umožňuje určit uhlíkovou stopu, energetické nároky na výrobu materiálů, výrobní procesy, transport, užití a konec životního cyklu. Tyto analýzy jsou časově náročné, nákladné na zaškolení a vyžadují hmotnostní a materiálové charakteristiky výrobků. Navržená metoda VEME (Objemová hodnotící metoda ecodesignu) využívá objemových vlastností výrobku a jeho strukturálního a materiálového složení. Pro dosažení cíle bylo analyzováno 134 kusů nářadí (vyrobeno 1989 až 2018) se začleněním do 10 typových skupin podle druhu nářadí. 3D skenováním byl určen objem výrobku s následnou materiálovou analýzou a po té byla použita metoda Oil Point Method (OPM), která je založena na LCA. Nářadí bylo posuzováno ve třech možných variantách konce životního cyklu (skládkování, spalování a recyklace 90 %). Ze získaných dat byla provedena simulace Monte Carlo pro každý vzorek nářadí n = 1 000 s 95% spolehlivostí. Byly stanoveny rovnice pro určení energetických požadavků na výrobu nářadí, emisí kg CO2 eq. (pro 11 světových zemí), údajů na balení a transport zboží. S 90% recyklací je možné uspořit až 32,4 % energie oproti skládkování. Ze všech 134 vzorků bylo 9,7 %, u kterých byla recyklace až o 6,2 % energeticky náročnější než skládkování. Důvodem jsou vysoké energetické nároky na recyklace materiálů. Nová metoda najde využití při navrhování výrobků v průmyslovém designu, ale i v oblastech ekonomického zhodnocení způsobu a místa výroby. Lze jej využít i pro rozšíření energetického štítkování výrobků, které by zahrnovalo energetickou náročnost výroby, transport a balení.
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Life Cycle Assessment of water treatetment technology
Cabejšková, Zuzana ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Ecology and Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Bachelor Thesis - Abstract Life Cycle Assessment of Water Treatment Technology Posuzování životního cyklu výroby pitné vody Author: Zuzana Cabejšková Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Vladimír Kočí, Ph.D. Prague, May 2012 Abstract (English) This bachelor thesis consists of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of two water treatment plants (WTP) in the Czech Republic. The first WTP is situated in Hrdějovice in South Bohemia and treats underground raw water. The second WTP is in Central Bohemia and treats surface water from the Želivka reservoir. The pumping of raw water and its subsequent treatment were considered for the purposes of LCA; other phases of the life cycle of potable water such as distribution weren't taken into account. Waterworks companies provided data on consumption of energy and materials. Based on this data, the environmental impacts of 1m3 of treated water were calculated and a comparison of the two WTPs within different impact categories was performed. It was found that WTP Hrdějovice has a four-time lower overall environmental impact than WTP Želivka. Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential and Abiotic Depletion of fossil fuels were identified as the...
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Material Flows and Environmental Impacts of s-WEEE in the Czech Republic
Polák, Miloš ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee) ; Vladík, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is a comprehensive study describing and quantifying material flows of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the Czech Republic; specifically the material flow of small waste electric and electronic equipment (s-WEEE) as well as representative substances. The studied material flows were estimated regarding aspects of the environmental impact. The End-of-Life mobile phone is seen as a typical representative of s-WEEE ; therefore material flows of mobile phones are described in this thesis as well. To put it in concrete figures, approximately 124 thousand tons of WEEE from households originated in the Czech Republic in 2010, where each inhabitant got rid off 4 pieces of WEEE in average. Further, total production calculating also consumer-like WEEE from companies and institutions was around 141 thousand tons in 2010. S-WEEE present around 15% from the total amount of WEEE originating in 2010; however it is more than 80% as regards the number of pieces. Despite of that fact the recycling potential of Au for instance is slightly higher by s-WEEE than by large WEEE (63kg/year compared to the 59kg/year respectively). As regards estimation of the total production of EoL mobile phones, around 45 thousand pieces originated in the Czech Republic between the years 1990-2000 and 6,5...
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Material Flows and Environmental Impacts of s-WEEE in the Czech Republic
Polák, Miloš
This thesis is a comprehensive study describing and quantifying material flows of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the Czech Republic; specifically the material flow of small waste electric and electronic equipment (s-WEEE) as well as representative substances. The studied material flows were estimated regarding aspects of the environmental impact. The End-of-Life mobile phone is seen as a typical representative of s-WEEE ; therefore material flows of mobile phones are described in this thesis as well. To put it in concrete figures, approximately 124 thousand tons of WEEE from households originated in the Czech Republic in 2010, where each inhabitant got rid off 4 pieces of WEEE in average. Further, total production calculating also consumer-like WEEE from companies and institutions was around 141 thousand tons in 2010. S-WEEE present around 15% from the total amount of WEEE originating in 2010; however it is more than 80% as regards the number of pieces. Despite of that fact the recycling potential of Au for instance is slightly higher by s-WEEE than by large WEEE (63kg/year compared to the 59kg/year respectively). As regards estimation of the total production of EoL mobile phones, around 45 thousand pieces originated in the Czech Republic between the years 1990-2000 and 6,5...
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Co stojí za šálkem čaje ze Šrí Lanky? Čaj a jeho vliv na rozvoj Šrí Lanky
Konášová, Bára
The diploma thesis What is Behind a Cup of Tea from Sri Lanka? The Tea and Its Impact on the Development Of Sri Lanka analyzes the impact of tea production and tea trade on the sustainable development of Sri Lanka. The thesis resides in a systematic literature review accompanied with personal knowledge gained whilst I conducted the field research. The thesis is divided into three parts: theoretical, analytical and a suggestion. The theoretical part describes the sustainable development. It also evaluates evolution and the development of Sri Lanka itself. Lastly, it traces the tea process from planting to selling. The second part analyzes environmental, social and economical impact of the tea production including the tea trade. Furthermore, it evaluates the tea influence on the sustainable development of Sri Lanka. The third part relates to the recommendation and suggestion based on the results of the analysis which may improve current tea situation in Sri Lanka.
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Zdaňování provozu nákladních automobilů v EU.
Řeháčková, Veronika
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of taxation of trucks at EU and individual member states level. It identifies the basic environmental aspects that are taken into account in the taxation and charging systems of trucks with the help of ana-lyzes. Based on correlation and regression analysis the effects of taxation systems are identified environmental aspects which are pollutants contained in emissions - carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Regarding to the results of the analysis is suggested an optimal solution for taxation of trucks in the EU taking into account environmental impacts.
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Problematika intenzivních chovů hospodářských zvířat z environmentálního hlediska
Střelcová, Anna
The thesis deals with the issue of intensive livestock farming. Literary review describes the definition of the term, the historical development of meat consumption including the development of livestock farming and the current legislative framework of the issue. Furthermore, the negative impact of intensive farming on the environment, human health and livestock itself is discussed. The ethical level of the topic and possible existing alternatives are also outlined. The research part analyzes the results of the research based on the application of the methodology of the field research, the methodology of observation using the ethogram, the methodology of statistical evaluation and the comparative methodology. There are described and compared behaviors in intensive and alternative cow and hen breeding in different seasons of the year. Based on the results, the fulfillment of the ethological needs of farmed animals and their welfare are assessed. The evaluation of the results confirms the hypothesis that intensive breeding of dairy cows and laying hens does not meet the ethological needs of farmed animals.
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